Table 3 Unit root test
From: The interaction between standards development and economic growth of China
Variable | Test form (C,T,L) | Test value | p value | Test result (below 5%) | Test result (below 10%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LNPGDP | (0,0,0) | − 13.348 | 0.000 | Stable | Stable |
LNPEXP | (0,0,0) | − 2.716 | 0.071 | Unstable | Stable |
△LNPEXP | (0,0,1) | − 5.003 | 0.000 | Stable | Stable |
LNPIMP | (0,0,0) | − 2.422 | 0.136 | Unstable | Unstable |
△LNPIMP | (0,0,1) | − 4.355 | 0.000 | Stable | Stable |
LNPPAT | (0,0,0) | − 1.795 | 0.383 | Unstable | Unstable |
△LNPPAT | (0,0,1) | − 5.958 | 0.000 | Stable | Stable |
LNPGB | (0,0,0) | − 13.348 | 0.000 | Stable | Stable |
LNPCB | (0,0,0) | − 9.299 | 0.000 | Stable | Stable |
LNPMOD | (0,0,0) | − 0.568 | 0.878 | Unstable | Stable |
△LNPMOD | (0,0,1) | − 5.412 | 0.000 | Stable | Stable |
LNPIDT | (0,0,0) | − 6.962 | 0.000 | Stable | Stable |